PHONETIC in LINGUISTICS

Phonetics Definition 

Definition of the Etymology from the Greek is "Sound and Voicce".

The branch of linguistics that deals with the sound of speech  and thir prodution, combination, description by written symbol. adjective; Phonetician.

A linguist who specializes in phonetics is know as a phonetician.

As discussed below,the boundaries between the displines of phoneties and phonology aren't always sharlpy defined.

Three Branches Of Phonetics

Phonetics is devided  into three main branches  :

• Articullatory Phonetics is the study the way the vocal organs are used to produce speech sound.

Articulatory phonetics , is the study of how the mechanism of speaking tools that exist in the human body to produce the sounds of language.

How is the sound of the language is spoken and created , and how the language sounds are classified based on their articulation. The type of phonetic is relating to linguistic so by linguists particularly phonetic experts tend to put in linguistics . Phonetic articulatory phonetics also called organic or physiological phonetics , studying the mechanism of how the tools work and produce human speech sounds of language , and how these sounds are classified .

• Acoustic Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds.

Acoustic phonetics learns the sounds of language as the event of Physical or natural phenomena. The sounds that investigated the vibration frequency , amplitude , intensity. The study of the nature of sound and classify sounds based on the nature of the sound . Phonetics of this type relates to physics.

• Auditory Phonetics is the study of the way people perceive speech sounds.

Auditory phonetics learns how the mechanics of the ear receives the sounds of language as air vibrations . Phonetic audiotoris more with regard to medicine, namely neurology , although there is a possibility of linguistics also worked in both the phonetic field .

Relation to Phonology

In contatrac to phonetics, phonology is the study of how sounds and gesture pattren in and across language, relating such conccerns with other levels and aspects of language.

While it is widely agreed that phonology is is grounded in phonetics, phonology is a distinct branch of linguistics, concerned with sounds and gesture as abstract units (e.g.,distinctive features, phonemes, morae, syllables, etc.) and their conditioned variation (via, e.g., allophonics rules, contraints, or derivational rules). Phonology relates to phonetics via the set of distinctive feature, which map the abstract representation of speech units to articulatory gesture, acoustic signals, and / or perceptual representations.

Phonetics Symbol


 Phonetics Alphabet

 

Example

ECC FKIP UNILAK

ECC (English Conversation Club) is one of the activities organized by faculty FKIP UNILAK. This activity which requires its male and female students to participate in the event. In FKIP itself is divided into three programs of study that study program B. English, Biology study program and study early childhood education program. And in each respective study program required to follow the ECC. all male and female students in FKIP required to attend this event starts from the bottom half to the top half. ECC itself spearheaded by Mr. Budianto Hamuddin, M.E. He has very long been pioneering activities. And male and female he hopes to be able to speak English well and right.Because according to her English is the primary capital to do a better survival.And the English had also led to the whole world (International). Mr. Budianto Hamuddin, M.E in running the ECC is not only itself, because every class is made up of ECC instructors each.

The ECC also divided into six departments, namely:

 1. Regular Convertation Class 
2. Debate 
3. Blogging 
4. On the Stage 
5. Dance 
6. Presentation Class 

Male and female students are free to choose which class they want.

There are so many benefits of ECC results that we can see and feel this event has proven to produce positive effects for his followers. One of them is a class debate that his achievement has been reached on the world stage (international). And much more the result of the benefits of such activities. Even from the presentation class is also beneficial to be a major capital in the learning for us to make us better educators candidates. Because the presentation class can create a mentally strong enough and courage to make the process of learning and teaching later. ECC activities is especially important because at the end of this activity will be submitted her sertifikan which will be one of the conditions for the launch of lectures and probably could be as a determinant in the graduation. This activity is not only important for the lectures, but also to our own on the 20th of this era. In his general activity is so closely related to him with FKIP B. English at each university. With the ECC activities will help generate male and female intelligent and quality. All this must be done from a small order will create professional educators and educators and students are able to create a quality anyway. That bit about the ECC (English Convertation Class) FKIP UNILAK. Thanks to Mr. Budianto Hamuddin, M.E which has given me the motivation with this activity.  

Introduction To Linguistic

Historical linguistics

Historycal linguistic study the history of specific languages as well as general characteristics of language change. The study of language change is also referred to as "diachronic linguistics" (the study of how one particular language has changed over time), which can be distinguished from "synchronic linguistics" (the comparative study of more than one language at a given moment in time without regard to previous stages). Historical linguistics was among the first sub-disciplines to emerge in linguistics, and was the most widely practiced form of linguistics in the late 19th century. However, there was a shift to the synchronic approach in the early twentieth century with saussure, and became more predominant in western linguistics with the work of Noam Chomsky.

What is Linguistics 

Linguistics is the scientufic study of language. There are three aspects to this study: language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the description fo language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Panini, who was an early student of linguistics and wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit of Language in his Astadhyayi

Each human language is a complex of knowledge and abilities enabling speakers of the language to communicate with each other, to express ideas, hypotheses, emotions, desires, and all the other things that need expressing. Linguistics is the study of these knowledge systems in all their aspects: how is such a knowledge system structured, how is it acquired, how is it used in the production and comprehension of messages, how does it change over time? Linguists consequently are concerned with a number of particular questions about the nature of language. What properties do all human languages have in common? How do languages differ, and to what extent are the differences systematic, i.e. can we find patterns in the differences? How do children acquire such complete knowledge of a language in such a short time? What are the ways in which languages can change over time, and are there limitations to how languages change? What is the nature of the cognitive processes that come into play when we produce and understand language?
The part of linguistics that is concerned with the structure of language is divided into a number of subfields:

• Phonetics - the study of speech sounds in their physical aspects
• Phonology - the study of speech sounds in their cognitive aspects
• Morphology - the study of the formation of words
• Syntax - the study of the formation of sentences
• Semantics - the study of meaning
• Pragmatics - the study of language use

Aside from language structure, other perspectives on language are represented in specialized or interdisciplinary branches:

• Historical Linguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Psycholinguistics
• Ethnolinguistics (or Anthropological Linguistics)
• Dialectology
• Computational Linguistics
• Psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics

Because language is such a central feature of being a human, Linguistics has intellectual connections and overlaps with many other disciplines in the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. Some of the closest connections are with Philosophy, Literature, Language Pedagogy, Psychology, Sociology, Physics (acoustics), Biology (anatomy, neuroscience), Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Health Sciences (Aphasia, Speech Therapy).
The main purpose of the study of Linguistics in an academic environment is the advancement of knowledge. However, because of the centrality of language in human interaction and behavior, the knowledge gained through the study of linguistics has many practical consequences and uses. Graduates of undergraduate and graduate programs in Linguistics apply their training in many diverse areas, including language pedagogy, speech pathology, speech synthesis, natural language interfaces, search engines, machine translation, forensics, naming, and of course all forms of writing, editing, and publishing. Perhaps the most widely appreciated application was contributed by UCSC Linguistics alumnus Marc Okrand, who invented the Klingon language for Star Trek.
  

Style

Staylistic is the study and interpretation of texts for aspects of their linguistic and tonal style. Stylistic analysis entails the analysis of description of particular dialects and register used by speech communities. Stylistic features include rhetoric,diction, stress, satire, irony, dialogue, and other forms of phonetic variations. Stylistic analysis can also include the study of language in canonical works of literature, popular fiction, news, advertisements, and other forms of communication in popular culture as well. It is usually seen as a variation in communication that changes from speaker to speaker and community to community. In short, Stylistics is the interpretation of text.

Philosophy Linguistics

The research conducted by the MIT Linguistics Program strives to develop a general theory that reveals the rules and laws that govern the structure of particular languages, and the general laws and principles governing all natural languages. The core of the program includes most of the traditional subfields of linguistics: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and psycholinguistics, as well as questions concerning the interrelations between linguistics and other disciplines such as philosophy and logic, literary studies, the study of formal languages, acoustics, and computer science.
Philosophy

The Philosophy section of MIT's Department of Linguistics and Philosophy offers two undergraduate majors: one a general philosophy major, and another joint major with the linguistics section in the foundations of the study of language and mind. For more than 30 years, the Department has also had an outstanding Ph.D. program that attracts students from around the world, and has placed its graduates on the faculties of the world's leading universities.

The Department's faculty is small, but has research and teaching strengths in a wide range of areas of philosophy, including metaphysics, logic, the philosophy of language and the philosophy of mind, ethics, and political philosophy. The MIT philosophy program also offers the opportunity for interdisciplinary work in linguistics, mathematics, and political science

                                                Linguistics is a science! 

Linguists investigate how people acquire their knowledge about language, how this knowledge interacts with other cognitive processes, how it varies across speakers and geographic regions, and how to model this knowledge computationally. They study how to represent the structure of the various aspects of language (such as sounds or meaning), how to account for different linguistic patterns theoretically, and how the different components of language interact with each other. Linguists develop and test scientific hypotheses. Many linguists appeal to statistical analysis, mathematics, and logical formalism to account for the patterns they observe.

 

Introduction To Linguistic

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